Virginia Caruso, historian and former professor at Nazareth College, discusses the Votes for Women campaign in Michigan in the early 20th century. Virginia wrote the first book on woman's suffrage in Michigan and shares her thoughts on how suffragists learned from defeat, redefined themselves and created modern political campaign techniques to win the right to vote. This is an engaging look at the many angles of woman’s suffrage in Michigan. A detailed description for each part follows below:

Part 1: Virginia's background and writing the first book on woman's suffrage in Michigan; central figures in the movement; changes resulting from the generational shift in suffrage campaign tactics and strategies in the early 1900s.
Part 2: The shift from being "ladylike" to aggressively pursuing woman's suffrage and whether this was effective; the impact of English suffragettes on the Michigan movement; how WWI and Prohibition affected the perception of women in the public sphere.
Part 3: How Michigan’s large German and Dutch heritage population viewed suffrage; what was the effect of Prohibition and WWI on their views; anti-suffrage views and actions; The Grange's role in Michigan's suffrage movement; class and education issues in the movement.
Part 4: The roles of rural districts, education, race and citizenship in suffrage movement; anti-suffrage groups and voting irregularities in 1912 Michigan woman suffrage referendum.
Part 5: Woman's suffrage referendum in 1913 spring election; why there was a huge drop in pro-suffrage votes.
Part 6: Would suffrage referendum have passed in fall, rather than spring, of 1913? Reaction and regrouping by suffragists to spring 1913 defeat.
Part 7: Modern political campaign techniques used by suffrage movement in 1915-16; the importance to the suffrage movement of gaining partial suffrage, such as voting in school elections and for local bond issues; triumph in 1918 as Michigan becomes the 15th state to vote for equal suffrage to women.
Part 8: Virginia's best story about Michigan's suffrage movement; effect of the woman's suffrage on her; five artifacts to tell the tale of Michigan's woman's suffrage movement.


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Keywords: suffrage; league of women voters; ann arbor; michigan; the grange; election fraud; voting rights; voting; vote; election; woman's suffrage; the melting pot; political campaign techniques

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